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1/9/19

Class 11th Physics practical 2

Aim
       
  1. To measure internal diameter and depth of a given beaker/calorimeter using a Vernier Callipers and hence find its volume.

Apparatus
               Vernier callipers, a beaker or a calorimeter, magnifying glass.

Theory
         (i) For measuring internal diameter and depth. Same as in Experiment 1A.
(ii) For volume:
Volume of beaker or calorimeter = internal area of cross section x depth.


Procedure
      
  1. Determine the vernier constant (V.C.) i.e., least count of the vernier callipers and record it stepwise.
  2. Bring the movable jaw BD in close contact with the fixed jaw AC and find the zero error. Do it three times and record it. If there is no zero error, then record, zero error nil.
    Measurement of internal diameter
  3. Put the jaws C and D inside the beaker or calorimeter and open them till each of them touches the inner wall of the beaker or calorimeter, , without any undue pressure on the walls. Tight the screw attached to the vernier scale gently.
  4. Note the-position of the zero mark of the vernier scale on the main scale. Record the main scale reading just before the zero mark of the vernier scale. This reading (IV) is called main scale reading (M.S.R.).
  5. Note the number (n) of the vernier scale division which coincides with some division of the main scale.
  6. Repeat steps 4 and 5 after rotating the vernier callipers by 90° for measuring internal diameter in a perpendicular direction.
  7. Find total reading and apply zero correction.
    Measurement of depth.
  8. Keep the edge of the main scale of vernier callipers on its peripheral edge. This should be done in such a way that the tip of the strip is able to go freely inside the beaker along its depth.
  9. Keep sliding the moving jaw of the vernier callipers until the strip just touches the bottom of the beaker. Take care that it is just perpendicular to the bottom surface. Now tighten the screw of the vernier callipers.
  10. Repeat steps 4 and 5 for four different positions along the circumference of the upper edge of the beaker or calorimeter.
  11. Find total reading and apply zero correction.
  12. Take mean of two different values of internal diameter and four different values of the depth.
  13. Calculate the volume by using proper formula and show that in the result with proper unit.
Observation
           
  1. Determination of Vernier Constant (Least Count) of the vernier callipers
    1 M.S.D. = 1 mm 10 V.S.D. = 9 M.S.D.
    ∴ 1 V.S.D. = 9/10 M.S.D. = 0.9 mm
    Vernier constant, V.C. = 1 M.S.D. – 1 V.S.D. = (1 – 0.9) mm
    = 0.1 mm = 0.01 cm.
  2. Zero error = (i)……..cm, (ii)……..cm, (iii)……..cm.
    Mean zero error (e) =……..cm
    Mean zero correction (c) = – (e) =……..cm.
  3. Table for the Internal Diameter (D)
Table for diameter

Table for depth 

Calculation

        

Result
    The volume of the beaker/calorimeter is …………cm3.

Precautions
              
  1. Motion of vernier scale on main scale should be made smooth (by oiling if necessary).
  2. Vernier constant and zero error should be carefully found and properly recorded.
  3. The body should be gripped between the jaws firmly but gently (without undue pres-sure on it from the jaws).
  4. Observations should be taken at right angles at one place and taken at least as three different places.

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